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Biology_Set_9(1)

Question 1 of 35

Which bone forms the lower jaw?

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Biology_Set_9(1) Practice Questions

Review these Biology_Set_9(1) nursing practice questions with answer choices and explanations.

Question 1

Which bone forms the lower jaw?

  1. Patella
  2. Scapula
  3. Mandible
  4. Maxilla
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Mandible

Explanation: The mandible is the movable bone of the lower jaw.

Question 2

Which bone is commonly called the collarbone?

  1. Ulna
  2. Clavicle
  3. Tibia
  4. Femur
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Clavicle

Explanation: The clavicle connects the upper limb region with the trunk.

Question 3

Which bone is located in the upper arm?

  1. Fibula
  2. Sternum
  3. Radius
  4. Humerus
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Humerus

Explanation: The humerus extends from the shoulder to the elbow.

Question 4

Which bone is the longest in the human body?

  1. Patella
  2. A wrist bone
  3. Femur
  4. Clavicle
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Femur

Explanation: The femur is the thigh bone and is normally the longest bone.

Question 5

What is a major function of red bone marrow?

  1. Producing bile
  2. Producing blood cells
  3. Storing urine
  4. Filtering inhaled air
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Producing blood cells

Explanation: Red bone marrow forms red cells, many white cells, and platelets.

Question 6

What is the main function of cartilage at the ends of bones in a joint?

  1. Reducing friction and cushioning movement
  2. Pumping blood
  3. Generating nerve impulses
  4. Producing oxygen
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Reducing friction and cushioning movement

Explanation: Articular cartilage provides a smooth surface and helps distribute loads.

Question 7

Which muscle type commonly moves food through the intestines?

  1. Smooth muscle
  2. Skeletal muscle
  3. Bone tissue
  4. Cardiac muscle
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Smooth muscle

Explanation: Smooth muscle in intestinal walls produces involuntary movements.

Question 8

What happens to the diaphragm during normal inhalation?

  1. It relaxes and rises
  2. It contracts and flattens
  3. It stops all airflow
  4. It closes the trachea
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. It contracts and flattens

Explanation: Contraction increases chest volume, helping draw air into the lungs.

Question 9

What is the main role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

  1. Filtering blood
  2. Absorbing amino acids
  3. Helping prevent food from entering the airway
  4. Producing digestive enzymes
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Helping prevent food from entering the airway

Explanation: The epiglottis helps cover the laryngeal entrance during swallowing.

Question 10

Which vessel carries blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs?

  1. Aorta
  2. Pulmonary vein
  3. Pulmonary artery
  4. Hepatic vein
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Pulmonary artery

Explanation: The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Question 11

Which vessels return oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart?

  1. Coronary arteries
  2. Pulmonary veins
  3. Pulmonary arteries
  4. Venae cavae
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Pulmonary veins

Explanation: Pulmonary veins deliver blood to the left atrium.

Question 12

Which heart chamber pumps blood into the aorta?

  1. Left atrium
  2. Right ventricle
  3. Right atrium
  4. Left ventricle
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Left ventricle

Explanation: The left ventricle supplies the systemic circulation through the aorta.

Question 13

What is the main purpose of heart valves?

  1. Filtering wastes from blood
  2. Producing hormones
  3. Preventing backward blood flow
  4. Making red blood cells
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Preventing backward blood flow

Explanation: Valves help maintain one-way flow through the heart.

Question 14

What is plasma?

  1. The nucleus of a red blood cell
  2. The liquid component of blood
  3. A muscle protein
  4. A type of chromosome
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. The liquid component of blood

Explanation: Plasma contains water, proteins, ions, nutrients, and transported wastes.

Question 15

Which organ stores and concentrates bile?

  1. Spleen
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Pancreas
  4. Kidney
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Gallbladder

Explanation: Bile is made by the liver and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder.

Question 16

Which enzyme begins substantial protein digestion in the stomach?

  1. Pepsin
  2. DNA polymerase
  3. Lactase
  4. Amylase
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Pepsin

Explanation: Pepsin breaks proteins into smaller peptides in the acidic stomach environment.

Question 17

Which organ releases many digestive enzymes into the small intestine?

  1. Pancreas
  2. Heart
  3. Urinary bladder
  4. Spleen
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Pancreas

Explanation: The pancreas secretes enzymes that help digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Question 18

Which statement distinguishes absorption from digestion?

  1. The two terms describe exactly the same process
  2. Absorption means chewing food
  3. Absorption moves digested nutrients across the gut lining into blood or lymph
  4. Digestion moves nutrients into blood without breakdown
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Absorption moves digested nutrients across the gut lining into blood or lymph

Explanation: Digestion breaks food down, while absorption transfers the resulting nutrients into the body.

Question 19

Which enzyme breaks lactose into simpler sugars?

  1. Helicase
  2. Catalase
  3. Lactase
  4. Pepsin
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Lactase

Explanation: Lactase digests lactose, the main sugar in milk.

Question 20

Why does dietary fiber help normal bowel function?

  1. It eliminates the need for water
  2. It adds bulk and can support movement of intestinal contents
  3. It is completely digested by human amylase
  4. It supplies all essential amino acids
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. It adds bulk and can support movement of intestinal contents

Explanation: Fiber contributes to stool structure and supports regular bowel function.

Question 21

Which vitamin supports calcium absorption and normal bone mineralization?

  1. Vitamin K only
  2. Vitamin E
  3. Vitamin D
  4. Vitamin B12
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Vitamin D

Explanation: Vitamin D helps maintain calcium and phosphate availability for bones.

Question 22

Which vitamin is needed for production of several blood-clotting proteins?

  1. Vitamin K
  2. Vitamin A
  3. Vitamin C
  4. Vitamin B1
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Vitamin K

Explanation: Vitamin K supports activation of several proteins involved in coagulation.

Question 23

Which vitamin is important for normal vision, particularly in dim light?

  1. Vitamin K
  2. Vitamin E
  3. Vitamin A
  4. Vitamin B12
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Vitamin A

Explanation: Vitamin A derivatives participate in the light-sensitive pigments of the retina.

Question 24

Which mineral is a component of hemoglobin?

  1. Iodine
  2. Sodium
  3. Fluoride
  4. Iron
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Iron

Explanation: Iron in hemoglobin's heme groups enables oxygen binding.

Question 25

Which mineral is required to make thyroid hormones?

  1. Iodine
  2. Potassium
  3. Magnesium
  4. Calcium
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Iodine

Explanation: Thyroid hormones contain iodine atoms.

Question 26

What happens during kidney reabsorption?

  1. Urine moves back into the stomach
  2. Useful substances move from tubular fluid back into the blood
  3. All blood cells enter urine
  4. The kidneys create new chromosomes
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Useful substances move from tubular fluid back into the blood

Explanation: Reabsorption retrieves water and substances such as glucose and ions from the filtrate.

Question 27

Where is urine stored before it leaves the body?

  1. Ureter
  2. Urinary bladder
  3. Urethra
  4. Kidney cortex
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Urinary bladder

Explanation: The bladder holds urine until urination.

Question 28

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone on the kidneys?

  1. Preventing all filtration
  2. Making urine contain more red cells
  3. Stopping urea production in the liver
  4. Increasing water reabsorption
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Increasing water reabsorption

Explanation: ADH promotes water conservation, generally reducing urine volume.

Question 29

Which hormone helps raise blood glucose during fasting?

  1. Melatonin
  2. Oxytocin
  3. Insulin
  4. Glucagon
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Glucagon

Explanation: Glucagon stimulates liver processes that release glucose into the blood.

Question 30

Which gland produces thyroid hormones?

  1. Thyroid gland
  2. Salivary gland
  3. Sweat gland
  4. Adrenal cortex only
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Thyroid gland

Explanation: The thyroid produces hormones that influence metabolism and other functions.

Question 31

What is the role of a sensory neuron?

  1. Connecting bones at joints
  2. Carrying oxygen to tissues
  3. Producing digestive enzymes
  4. Carrying information from receptors toward the central nervous system
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Carrying information from receptors toward the central nervous system

Explanation: Sensory neurons convey information about stimuli to the brain or spinal cord.

Question 32

What is a reflex?

  1. A rapid automatic response to a stimulus
  2. A voluntary response requiring prolonged planning
  3. A type of antibody
  4. A permanent genetic change
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. A rapid automatic response to a stimulus

Explanation: Reflex circuits produce quick responses that can protect the body.

Question 33

Which defense is part of innate immunity?

  1. A memory T cell
  2. An antibody specific to one new antigen
  3. A memory B cell
  4. Intact skin acting as a physical barrier
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Intact skin acting as a physical barrier

Explanation: Skin provides a general barrier against entry of many pathogens.

Question 34

Why can redness and warmth occur at an inflamed site?

  1. Local blood flow increases
  2. Skin cells become chloroplasts
  3. Blood stops reaching the site
  4. All capillaries disappear
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Local blood flow increases

Explanation: Dilation of local blood vessels increases blood delivery to the affected area.

Question 35

Receiving ready-made antibodies provides which kind of immunity?

  1. Antibiotic resistance
  2. Inherited chromosome duplication
  3. Active immunity from vaccination
  4. Passive immunity
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Passive immunity

Explanation: Passive immunity supplies antibodies directly rather than requiring the recipient to make them initially.