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Biology Test Hesi A2

Question 1 of 30

If the zygomatic arch is broken, where is the fracture located?

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Biology Test Hesi A2 Practice Questions

Review these Biology Test Hesi A2 nursing practice questions with answer choices and explanations.

Question 1

If the zygomatic arch is broken, where is the fracture located?

  1. Knee
  2. Shoulder
  3. Wrist
  4. Face
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Correct answer:

  1. Face

Explanation: The zygomatic arch is part of the cheek region of the face.

Question 2

On what part of a light microscope is the slide placed?

  1. Base
  2. Arm
  3. Stage
  4. Lens
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Stage

Explanation: The stage supports the slide beneath the objective lenses.

Question 3

What structure allows sperm cells to move?

  1. Flagellum
  2. Centriole
  3. Centrosome
  4. Cilium
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Flagellum

Explanation: A sperm cell uses its flagellum, or tail, for propulsion.

Question 4

Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant that helps protect cell membranes from oxidative damage?

  1. Vitamin D
  2. Vitamin A
  3. Vitamin K
  4. Vitamin E
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Vitamin E

Explanation: Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect membrane lipids from oxidative damage.

Question 5

Each species has a characteristic chromosome number and most of their cells have a complete set of these chromosomes. However, in the life cycle of humans, only sperm and eggs have which number of chromosomes?

  1. Haploid
  2. Triploid
  3. Polyploid
  4. Diploid
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Haploid

Explanation: Human gametes are haploid: each contains one set of 23 chromosomes.

Question 6

Animals are composed primarily of what type of cell?

  1. Simple
  2. Eukaryotic
  3. Prokaryotic
  4. Bacterial
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Eukaryotic

Explanation: Animal cells are eukaryotic and possess a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 7

By which process are human sperm and egg cells produced?

  1. Fission
  2. Mitosis
  3. Meiosis
  4. Cytokinesis
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Meiosis

Explanation: Meiosis reduces the chromosome number to produce haploid cells in gamete formation.

Question 8

Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?

  1. Mitochondrion
  2. Nucleus
  3. Cytoplasm
  4. Chloroplast
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Mitochondrion

Explanation: In human cells, the Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 9

Which method of glucose conversion generates the most usable and efficient form of ATP within the human body?

  1. Anaerobic respiration
  2. Aerobic respiration
  3. Lactic acidosis
  4. Fermentation conversion
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Aerobic respiration

Explanation: Aerobic respiration produces much more ATP per glucose molecule than fermentation or glycolysis alone.

Question 10

What part of a plant cell acts as a barrier and provides support to the cell?

  1. Chloroplast
  2. Cell membrane
  3. Xylem
  4. Cell wall
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Cell wall

Explanation: The cell wall provides rigid support outside the plant cell membrane.

Question 11

Which term means alternate forms of a gene for the same trait?

  1. Genotypes
  2. Alleles
  3. Phenotypes
  4. Gametes
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Alleles

Explanation: Alleles are alternative versions of the same gene.

Question 12

The cellular membrane consists of a bilayer of which substances?

  1. Phospholipids
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic acids
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Phospholipids

Explanation: The membrane contains a phospholipid bilayer with associated proteins and other components.

Question 13

What type of bond in the base of the DNA nucleotides holds the strands together?

  1. Hydrogen
  2. Potassium bromide
  3. Copper
  4. Sodium chloride
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Hydrogen

Explanation: Hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA bases hold the two strands together.

Question 14

Which combination of cell cycle phase and descriptor is correct?

  1. G₂ phase - the phase prior to the start of mitosis in which the cell continues to grow in size and make proteins
  2. G₁ phase - the amount of chromosomes is doubled
  3. S phase - the cell synthesizes DNA and doubles its cytoplasm
  4. Interphase - the nucleus divides and the cytoplasm separates
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. G₂ phase - the phase prior to the start of mitosis in which the cell continues to grow in size and make proteins

Explanation: G2 occurs after DNA replication and before mitosis, when the cell continues preparation for division. Nuclear division and cytokinesis do not occur during interphase.

Question 15

What is the first step in the process of respiration?

  1. Electron transport chain
  2. Krebs cycle
  3. Glycolysis
  4. Fermentation
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Glycolysis

Explanation: Glycolysis is the first stage of glucose breakdown in cellular respiration.

Question 16

Which term means a group of similar cells combined to perform a common function?

  1. Tissue
  2. Organ
  3. Organism
  4. System
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Tissue

Explanation: A tissue is an organized group of cells that work together to perform a shared function.

Question 17

What part of a light microscope is used to hold the slide in place?

  1. Arm
  2. Base
  3. Rack stop
  4. Stage clips
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Stage clips

Explanation: Stage clips hold a slide in place on the microscope stage.

Question 18

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of what necessary molecule?

  1. Oxygen
  2. Carbon dioxide
  3. Water
  4. Lactic acid
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Oxygen

Explanation: Aerobic respiration requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

Question 19

Which gentic descriptor refers to an organism's actual appearance?

  1. Phenotype
  2. Karyotype
  3. Genotype
  4. Homozygote
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Phenotype

Explanation: Phenotype refers to observable characteristics influenced by genotype and environment.

Question 20

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

  1. Produce enzymes
  2. Produce oxygen molecules
  3. Obtain energy in the form of ATP
  4. Enable fermentation
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Obtain energy in the form of ATP

Explanation: Cellular respiration transfers energy from nutrients into ATP for cellular work.

Question 21

Human cells need oxygen for respiration. What system of the body is responsible for transporting an oxygen molecule to different locations throughout the body?

  1. Respiratory
  2. Skeletal
  3. Circulatory
  4. Lymphatic
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Circulatory

Explanation: The circulatory system carries oxygen in blood from the lungs to body tissues.

Question 22

Which cell organelle can be functionally compared to the door of a house?

  1. Nucleus
  2. Cell membrane
  3. Cytoplasm
  4. Endoplasmic reticulum
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Cell membrane

Explanation: The cell membrane controls movement into and out of the cell, making the doorway analogy appropriate.

Question 23

How are viruses categorized?

  1. Size and shape
  2. All of these are ways in which a virus is catogorized
  3. Presence or absence of an outer envelope
  4. Type of nucleic acid
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. All of these are ways in which a virus is catogorized

Explanation: Viruses can be classified using their morphology, envelope status, and type of genetic material.

Question 24

Which is an example of the correct organizational hierarchy for a wolf?

  1. Muscle tissue, blood cell, DNA, organ, circulatory system, wolf
  2. DNA, muscle cell, muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system, wolf
  3. Blood cell, organ, circulatory system, muscle tissue, DNA, wolf
  4. Circulatory system, DNA, muscle tissue, blood cell, heart, wolf
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. DNA, muscle cell, muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system, wolf

Explanation: The sequence proceeds from a molecule to a cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.

Question 25

Which cellular appendage enables cells to move through their environments?

  1. Receptor
  2. Flagellum
  3. Transport protein
  4. Cell membrane
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Flagellum

Explanation: A flagellum can propel a cell through its surroundings.

Question 26

Which set is correctly listed from largest to smallest group?

  1. Phylum, order, genus, species
  2. Genus, order, species, phylum
  3. Order, phylum, species, genus
  4. Species, order, phylum, genus
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Phylum, order, genus, species

Explanation: Among the listed ranks, phylum is broadest, followed by order, genus, and species.

Question 27

What does the mitochondrion produce that causes it to often be called the powerhouse of the cell?

  1. Proteins
  2. DNA
  3. Enzymes
  4. ATP
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. ATP

Explanation: Mitochondria produce much of the ATP used by many eukaryotic cells.

Question 28

Which disease is caused by a bacterium?

  1. Strep throat
  2. AIDS (HIV+)
  3. Mumps
  4. Common cold
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Strep throat

Explanation: Strep throat is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes; the other listed diseases have viral causes.

Question 29

The aerodynamic nature of a bird's wing is an example of what central theme in biology?

  1. Organisms and their environment
  2. Heredity
  3. Structure and function
  4. Ontogeny
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Structure and function

Explanation: The shape of a wing supports its function in flight, illustrating the relationship between structure and function.

Question 30

A hypertonic solution has what concentration of solutes compared to the cell?

  1. Negative
  2. Same
  3. Higher
  4. Lower
View answer and explanation

Correct answer:

  1. Higher

Explanation: A hypertonic solution has a higher effective concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than the cell interior.