Review these Reproductive Health and Pregnancy Foundations – Quiz 2 nursing practice questions with answer choices and explanations.
A nurse explains that ovulation occurs when which hormone surges?
Correct answer:
Explanation: A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation and release of the ovum from the ovary.
Which structure produces progesterone during early pregnancy?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The corpus luteum secretes progesterone during early pregnancy until the placenta takes over.
Which finding is an early sign of pregnancy?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Chadwick sign is a bluish discoloration of the cervix and vagina caused by increased vascularity early in pregnancy.
Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during pregnancy?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Progesterone maintains the endometrium and prevents uterine contractions during pregnancy.
A nurse teaches that fertilization usually occurs within how many hours after ovulation?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The ovum remains viable for fertilization for approximately 24 hours after ovulation.
Which hormone is responsible for milk production after childbirth?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Prolactin stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.
Which hormone causes uterine contractions during labor?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and promotes labor progression.
A nurse explains that implantation occurs approximately how many days after fertilization?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Implantation typically occurs 6 to 10 days after fertilization.
Which structure connects the fetus to the placenta?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The umbilical cord provides circulation between the fetus and placenta.
Which hormone is detected by pregnancy tests?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Pregnancy tests detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is produced after implantation.
Which finding indicates presumptive evidence of pregnancy?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Amenorrhea is a subjective sign and considered presumptive evidence of pregnancy.
Which layer of the placenta is responsible for nutrient exchange?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The chorion contains chorionic villi that allow nutrient and gas exchange.
Which function is provided by amniotic fluid?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Amniotic fluid cushions the fetus and protects it from trauma.
A nurse explains that fetal circulation differs from adult circulation because of which structure?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs.
Which hormone stimulates uterine growth during pregnancy?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Estrogen promotes uterine growth and increased blood flow during pregnancy.
Which structure prevents maternal and fetal blood from mixing?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The placental barrier allows exchange of nutrients without direct blood mixing.
Which sign of pregnancy is considered a positive sign?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Fetal heart tones are objective evidence of pregnancy and are considered a positive sign.
Which hormone relaxes ligaments and joints during pregnancy?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Relaxin softens ligaments and joints to prepare the body for childbirth.
Which trimester is associated with the greatest fetal growth?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The third trimester is marked by rapid fetal weight gain and growth.
A nurse explains that the placenta begins to form at what stage?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Placental development begins after implantation of the fertilized ovum.
Which structure encloses the fetus and contains amniotic fluid?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The amnion forms the amniotic sac that surrounds the fetus.
Which maternal adaptation is expected during pregnancy?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Cardiac output increases to meet the metabolic demands of pregnancy.
Which hormone inhibits ovulation during pregnancy?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Progesterone suppresses ovulation by inhibiting follicle-stimulating hormone.
Which structure provides immunity to the fetus?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The placenta transfers maternal antibodies to the fetus, providing passive immunity.
Which fetal structure allows blood to bypass the liver?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The ductus venosus directs oxygenated blood past the fetal liver.
Which maternal hormone prepares the breasts for lactation?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Estrogen promotes growth of mammary ducts in preparation for breastfeeding.
Which finding indicates normal pregnancy adaptation?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Tidal volume increases to meet increased oxygen demands during pregnancy.
Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Oxytocin causes milk let-down by contracting smooth muscle around milk ducts.
Which maternal structure supplies oxygen to the fetus?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.