Review these Infertility, Genetics, and Advanced Neonatal Care nursing practice questions with answer choices and explanations.
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to evaluate female infertility by examining the fallopian tubes and uterus?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Hysterosalpingography uses contrast dye and X-ray imaging to evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes for blockages.
Which assisted reproductive technology involves fertilization of the ovum outside the body?
Correct answer:
Explanation: In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a laboratory before implanting them into the uterus.
Which fertility treatment involves placing sperm directly into the uterus?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) introduces sperm directly into the uterus to improve fertilization chances.
Which specialist helps families understand risks of inherited disorders?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Genetic counselors evaluate family history and discuss inherited disease risks with patients.
Which substance is known to cause fetal birth defects when used during pregnancy?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Teratogens are substances such as drugs, alcohol, or infections that can cause congenital abnormalities.
Which condition occurs when a fetus grows more slowly than expected during pregnancy?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs when fetal growth is below expected levels for gestational age.
Which condition describes a newborn with an unusually large birth weight?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Macrosomia refers to a newborn weighing more than about 4,000 grams.
Which test measures the acidity or alkalinity of amniotic fluid to confirm rupture of membranes?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The Nitrazine test checks pH to determine if amniotic fluid is present after membrane rupture.
Which obstetric emergency occurs when the uterus tears during labor?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Uterine rupture is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention.
Which rare complication occurs when amniotic fluid enters the maternal bloodstream?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare but life-threatening complication during labor.
Which postpartum complication involves formation of blood clots in deep veins?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Deep vein thrombosis may occur postpartum due to immobility and increased clotting factors.
Which contraceptive method is often recommended immediately postpartum for breastfeeding mothers?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Progestin-only contraceptives are preferred postpartum because they do not reduce milk production.
Which infection prevention measure is commonly used to protect newborn eyes from bacterial infection?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Antibiotic ointment is applied to newborn eyes to prevent gonorrheal or chlamydial infections.
Which screening test checks newborns for hearing problems?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Newborn hearing screening identifies early hearing loss to allow prompt treatment.
Which newborn reflex disappears around 4 months of age?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The Moro reflex usually disappears by about 4 months as neurological development progresses.
Which nutrient is the primary energy source in breast milk?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Lactose is the primary carbohydrate and energy source in breast milk.
Which condition occurs when a newborn develops infection in the bloodstream?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Neonatal sepsis is a serious infection in newborns requiring urgent treatment.
Which newborn feeding method involves placing milk directly into the stomach through a tube?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Gavage feeding is used for premature infants who cannot suck effectively.
Which fetal condition involves accumulation of fluid in fetal tissues?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Hydrops fetalis involves severe fetal edema and fluid accumulation.
Which prenatal infection can cause hearing loss and developmental delays in newborns?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy can cause congenital abnormalities.
Which neonatal condition causes breathing pauses lasting more than 20 seconds?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Apnea of prematurity is common in premature infants due to immature respiratory control.
Which newborn protective mechanism produces heat without shivering?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Brown fat metabolism generates heat to maintain newborn body temperature.
Which newborn skin condition causes a blotchy red rash shortly after birth?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Erythema toxicum is a harmless newborn rash that resolves spontaneously.
Which newborn reflex involves extending arms when startled?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The Moro reflex occurs when infants respond to sudden stimuli by extending arms outward.
Which newborn reflex causes toes to fan outward when the sole is stroked?
Correct answer:
Explanation: The Babinski reflex is normal in newborns and disappears later in childhood.
Which maternal infection during pregnancy is associated with congenital cataracts and heart defects?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome.
Which term describes surgical tying of the fallopian tubes for permanent contraception?
Correct answer:
Explanation: Tubal ligation prevents pregnancy by blocking the fallopian tubes.
Which male sterilization procedure prevents sperm from entering semen?
Correct answer:
Explanation: A vasectomy cuts or seals the vas deferens to prevent sperm transport.