Review these Advanced Pregnancy, Labor Monitoring, and Newborn Care nursing practice questions with answer choices and explanations.
Which sign is considered a positive indication of pregnancy?
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Explanation: Positive signs of pregnancy confirm the presence of a fetus, such as fetal heart tones, fetal movement felt by the examiner, or ultrasound visualization.
Which test confirms pregnancy by detecting the hormone hCG?
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Explanation: Pregnancy tests detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in blood or urine.
Which fetal circulation structure connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta?
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Explanation: The ductus arteriosus shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta in fetal circulation.
Which fetal structure allows blood to pass between the right and left atria?
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Explanation: The foramen ovale allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs by flowing between the atria.
Which condition occurs when there is too little amniotic fluid?
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Explanation: Oligohydramnios refers to an abnormally low level of amniotic fluid.
Which fetal monitoring pattern indicates uteroplacental insufficiency?
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Explanation: Late decelerations occur after contractions and indicate decreased oxygen delivery to the fetus.
Which fetal heart rate pattern is usually caused by head compression during labor?
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Explanation: Early decelerations mirror contractions and are commonly caused by fetal head compression.
Which medication is commonly used to induce labor?
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Explanation: Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and is commonly used for labor induction.
Which procedure involves surgically cutting the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening?
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Explanation: An episiotomy is a surgical incision in the perineum during childbirth.
Which anesthesia technique is most commonly used for pain relief during labor?
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Explanation: Epidural anesthesia provides effective pain relief during labor while allowing the mother to remain awake.
Which postpartum psychological condition involves mild mood changes after childbirth?
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Explanation: Postpartum blues involve mild emotional changes and typically resolve within two weeks.
Which severe postpartum mental health disorder requires immediate medical attention?
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Explanation: Postpartum psychosis is a rare but serious psychiatric emergency.
Which method helps newborns maintain body temperature after birth?
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Explanation: Skin-to-skin contact with the mother helps regulate the newborn's temperature.
Which newborn screening test detects metabolic disorders?
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Explanation: The newborn heel prick test screens for metabolic and genetic disorders.
Which infection can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy?
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Explanation: Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital defects in the fetus.
Which prenatal diagnostic procedure removes amniotic fluid for testing?
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Explanation: Amniocentesis involves withdrawing amniotic fluid to test for genetic abnormalities.
Which prenatal test uses placental tissue to detect genetic abnormalities?
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Explanation: Chorionic villus sampling tests placental tissue for chromosomal abnormalities.
Which fetal circulation vessel carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus?
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Explanation: The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
Which fetal circulation vessels carry deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta?
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Explanation: Two umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.
Which newborn condition involves bluish skin due to lack of oxygen?
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Explanation: Cyanosis indicates insufficient oxygen in the blood.
Which condition occurs when the umbilical cord slips ahead of the fetus during delivery?
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Explanation: Cord prolapse is an emergency because it can compress blood flow to the fetus.
Which term describes rupture of the amniotic sac before labor begins?
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Explanation: Premature rupture of membranes occurs when the amniotic sac breaks before labor starts.
Which hormone relaxes pelvic ligaments during pregnancy?
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Explanation: Relaxin loosens ligaments and joints to prepare the pelvis for childbirth.
Which fetal monitoring method measures uterine contractions externally?
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Explanation: A tocodynamometer is used externally to measure contractions during labor.
Which newborn reflex involves turning the head when the cheek is stroked?
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Explanation: The rooting reflex helps newborns locate the breast for feeding.
Which condition involves infection of the uterine lining after childbirth?
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Explanation: Endometritis is a postpartum infection of the uterine lining.
Which fetal heart rate range is considered normal?
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Explanation: Normal fetal heart rate ranges from 110 to 160 beats per minute.
Which postpartum exercise helps strengthen pelvic muscles?
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Explanation: Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic floor muscles after childbirth.